Some of the key conflicts identified at the inception, design, construction and project management stages include; low recognition and lack of authority, design error, design omission, design not meeting specification, cost overrun, quality of work, running late, operational faults, conflict of loyalty and by-passing a 'single' point of contact. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. An error occurred trying to load this video. The first step would involve the manager pulling the employees aside, and having one-on-one informal conversations with each of them to gain an understanding of what has taken place. 4.2 Expectation of Manager. Did you have an idea for improving this content? In times of conflict, there is usually a breakdown of law and order, and some people tend to take undue advantage to abuse the fundamental human rights of others. Answer one question only from this section, 1. (viii) Cutting down of cocoa trees that had been affected by the swollen shoot disease Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, Government of Ghana: Accra. Rather than making recommendations or imposing a decision, the mediator encourages disputants to reach their own voluntary solution by exploring each other's deeper interests. 4.3 Information Misunderstood. M. Sheehan, M. (2008) 'The Changing Character of War' in J. Baylis (ed.) Interdependence describes the extent to which employees rely on other employees to get their work done. The cookie settings on this website are set to "allow cookies" to give you the best browsing experience possible. They start make adjustments to the design, saving money by using less expensive materials than what were recommended by the R&D team. Understanding the emergence and dynamics of certain identities in any place is complicated by a number of factors. When employees become stressed and have a hard time maintaining work-life balance, they are more likely to engage in conflicts. (PDF) Effects of conflicts on local development in Ghana Effects of conflicts on local development in Ghana Authors: Desmond Gagakuma Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science and Technology. Nigerian exports have grown consistently during the period from 2015 to 2018. _hjAbsoluteSessionInProgress: 30 minutes: No description available. The history of conflict and political instability in Ghana reveals that for a time political turmoil was the order of the day. Your information will be subjected to the PESA Privacy Policy and Terms of Use and other related laws and regulations. Copyright 2015-2023 PESA. This situation also results in reduced provision of goods and services ( less productivity). Conflict can also be seen as antagonism between individuals or groups in society. If one team deviates from those standards, then it creates conflict with the other two groups. Others are layered with minefields of complexity. Brexit and the Trump victory are the two main factors which continue to present uncertainties for many countries. (a) State four problems created in the urban areas by rural-urban migration, (b) Data were drawn from secondary and primary sources. The overwhelming majority of the participants currently attending our programs arrive with a preset agenda that reflects their work-related priorities. For example, two coworkers may disagree about the best way to complete a task. In their work, ''The Cost of Inter- Ethnic Conflicts in Ghana's Northern Region: The Case of Nawuri-Gonja Conflicts'', Emmanuel Debrah et al stated that evaluation of the losses from the Nawuri- Gonja war in monetary terms has been estimated to be a whooping six hundred thousand Ghana Cedis, the equivalent of three hundred thousand dollars, using the 1994 exchange rate. 1. 3.4 Inter-personal Relations. There have been conflicts such as the Konkomba-Nanumba conflict,[when?] which was fought because of trade dispute. One shift picks up where another leaves off. (ii) Incompetent and inefficient staff Some SOEs are staffed with personnel with relatively low levels of training, experience and skills. The paper is an account of the emergence of particular identities and inequalities and their role in promoting instability, conflict and violence. A strong correlation between economic performance and conflict has been a feature throughout Ghanas history. Problems: Anyone can be involved in a conflict, and the amount of time, money, and equipment needed for resolution will vary according to its complexity. APPLICATION CHALLENGE Identify a recurring conflict between key members of your team. These are the 1969, 1979 and 1992 Constitutions. Home Resources Identify the Source of Conflict. 0000006947 00000 n (I) Individual Level Conflict: Management should keep in mind that all individuals have conflict within themselves. The transition from British rule to self-government was not smooth, characterised by several coups that point to considerable levels of contestation for power. If an organization is looking to hire people that fit with the company culture, then chances are good youll get along with most of them! (x) The monopoly and other negative practices of the Association of West African Merchants (AWAM) made several African businesses suffer and hence brought great economic hardships to the local people. Over the next 26 years, Ghana experienced four more successful military coups as well as two failed attempts, with the last coup attempt staged in 1983[2]. 0000002710 00000 n flashcard sets. 0000003180 00000 n The belief that one must not sweep at night This led to an increase in the general price of goods, placing the ordinary Ghanaians under significant financial pressure. A Critique of the Africanisation of the South Pacific Thesis, The Role of the Natural Resource Curse in Preventing Development in Politically Unstable Countries: Case Studies of Angola and Bolivia, Forced Migration and Armed Conflict: Refugee-Warriors in Guinea (2006), Negotiation and Mediation of violent Conflicts: A case study of Burundi and Kenya, Coup Risk Counterbalancing International Conflict, External Stakeholder Impacts on Official and Non-Official Third-Party Interventions to Resolve Malignant Conflicts: The case of a failed intervention in Cyprus, The path to secession in Africa: the case of Sudan and Nigeria, Regionalization of Conflict in South Sudan, Analysis of effectiveness of AU in the resolution of conflicts in Africa, Understanding obstacles to peace : actors, interests, and strategies in Africa's Great Lakes region. If people all had independent goals that didnt affect one another, everything would be fine. By submitting your contact form you agree to be contacted by PESA associates regarding your query. [12] GoG 1992. Intergroup power struggles are the key to many wars in the world. We have varied personalities which usually results to incompatible choices and opinions. Conflict, which occurs when a perception or action leads to a state of unrest, is natural. GDP per Capita (USD), ibid. Workplace Conflict Examples & Resolutions | What is Conflict Management? Although such conflicts are in general similar to other conflicts that arise in the sub-region, it can be generally concluded, though not substantiated in this study, that the conflicts in Ghana have generally been on a relatively lower scale than those of her neighbours, perhaps, accounting for the relative peace and stability in Ghana. 3477 0 obj<>stream Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. > Identify the source of conflict comprise most of work ethic, rule adherence,,., turn away from the viewpoint of your other team members information create misunderstanding among the people team environment ''. 1992. All the different types of . For instance, an organization might set a standard where only a certain percent of the employees can achieve the top ranking for raises and bonuses. 1. This occurs typically due to how people are different from one another. (i) Provision of employment for workers. (v) Helps to increase ones financial wealth or net worth. Unfortunately, there are many types of conflict in the workplace, and it would be wise to be aware of most of them. Wars between states became less frequent, while the number of conflicts within states increased considerably. Please use the subject Media for all media-related requests. SOURCES OF LAW IN GHANA (ARTICLE 11, CHAPTER 4 ). Since independence from France in 1960, Madagascars economy and development challenges have been compounded by periodic political unrests that have hampered economic growth and limited public investment. Please complete the General Enquiry form and submit it to us for a response. Its different from conflict, but its easy to see how some of the skills one uses to be a great negotiator are snatched from conflict resolution. Conflicts cause a general decline in the economy. However, its likely that there will be at least one coworker that you dont get along with 100 percent. The states in question were commonly among the poorest in the world, and many were considered to be failed states, having lost the ability to maintain order or advance their own socio-economic development. This war is widely known in Ghana and even other African countries. We talked about it as a source of stress, and were going to talk about it here as an organizational source of conflict. Why do you think this is? Analysts who consider identities such as ethnicity to be primordial are correct in that identities are not simple to assume and discard. The country is rich with mineral Lesotho's exports have grown consistently during the period from 2015 to 2018 even though the merchandise trade balance has not improve significantly. Rural dwellers would therefore be enticed to stay. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In such circumstances, prices of the few goods and services on the market are greatly hiked (increased), thereby creating intense economic hardship in the nation. Full Name (required) (a) Reasons for the establishment of state owned enterprises in Ghana Remembering that the prefix 'intra-' means originating internally, you can see that intrapersonal conflict is when you feel conflicted about your own thoughts or actions. 'Inter-' means external and 'group' means sets of multiple things, so intergroup conflict relates to conflicts that happen between solidified groups of people. (vi) Religious beliefs It situates the question of conflict within the context of the Northern Region of Ghana and defines conflict as a situation in which people, groups or individuals are involved in a serious disagreement or argument which degenerates into violence. Resource scarcity also leads to conflict. A strong correlation between economic performance and conflict has been a feature throughout Ghana's history. Ghanas proclivity for military coups entrenched military centrality, whereby the military perceived itself to be the sole functional organ of state, not as susceptible to or constrained by corruption to the degree of other branches of state, including civil government[3]. participants, the process of identifying the sources of conflict illuminates the features of the relationship among conflict participants that foster conflict. Land Ownership and control of land are another major source of ethnic conflicts in the Northern Region. The other layers are differences of values, differences of viewpoint, differences of interest, and interpersonal differences. the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form. You want the difference of opinion to possibly identify new and different ways of doing things but you have to be prepared to deal with the conflict that occurs when passionate, committed people come together to solve a problem or address an issue. 0000003585 00000 n lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. 7 Types of Mediation. [any two], (b) Effects of superstitious beliefs on a community, Positive Effects This could happen in various kinds of conflicts, from domestic to inter-regional. ANOVERVIEWOFTHELEGALSYSTEMINUGANDAChina-UgandaConferenceNov202015.pdf, GLS-38258161 - Sources of law in Ghana.docx, When r d what is the electric field strength at point A a 4 0 2 b 2 4 0 2 c 4 4, That this is happening forty years after Assatas original arrest should give us, c Find an equation for the system function H 3 z of the third LTI system d Find, 4 A court that or person who exercises any power conferred by or under this Act, W03 - Preparation Quiz_ Web Fundamentals.pdf, 42 This holding constituted a clear rebuke of the Corps interpretation of waters, 1557697735147_DYNCORP INTERNATIONAL RECOMMNDATION LETTER-PATRICIA001.pdf, 850790 A change to subheading 850790 from any other heading except from tariff, C I NDIVIDUALS Upon an application submitted under subparagraph A the Secretary, Besides that while dealing with data we should also seek to include the, Increased risk for stroke What do the sickle cells adhere to What happens to the, Rayo.LanahMay.InventoryManagement.BSHM3A.docx, Jada Campbell - Properties of Compounds Lab-Data Table.pdf. 0000004800 00000 n "From 1806 until 1896, the Ashanti Kingdom was in a perpetual state of war involving expansion or defense of its domain". The process of land reform has become highly politicised to the extent that it is threatening to derail the countrys economic development. This study seeks to establish the main explanation for the conflict; identify and evaluate the main actors and policies aimed at resolving the crisis; identify all stakeholders in the conflict and . The managers must be sensitive to the staff's feelings, actively listen to their side of the story, yet remain neutral and professional throughout the entire time. (iii) Increased environmental degradation 4-14. 3.3 Interest. Some are relatively straightforward, such as painting a wall, articulating the benefits of a product or following a documented procedure. [any four]. Types of Business Letters: Formats & Examples, Conflict Resolution Overview | Examples of Conflict Resolution Skills, Affective, Procedural & Substantive Conflict. Give four reasons for the establishment of state owned enterprises in Ghana, Highlight four problems facing state owned enterprises in Ghana Outline four avenues for saving. Let's look at examples of this type of conflict. The empire became known in Europe and Arabia as the Ghana Empire after the title of its Emperor, the Ghana. We see it in toddlers when they fight over a single toy and when adults argue over politics. become fearful and hence coil into their shells, others become more careless and violent. Then, guide students in determining if the conflict is interpersonal, intrapersonal, intergroup or intragroup. [any four]. endstream endobj 3476 0 obj<>/OCGs[3478 0 R]>>/PieceInfo<>>>/LastModified(D:20041112133752)/MarkInfo<>>> endobj 3478 0 obj<>/PageElement<>>>>> endobj 3479 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>>/StructParents 5>> endobj 3480 0 obj<> endobj 3481 0 obj<> endobj 3482 0 obj[/Indexed 3496 0 R 255 3497 0 R] endobj 3483 0 obj[/Indexed 3496 0 R 7 3498 0 R] endobj 3484 0 obj<> endobj 3485 0 obj<> endobj 3486 0 obj<> endobj 3487 0 obj<>stream They have a Doctorate in Education from Nova Southeastern University, a Master of Arts in Human Factors Psychology from George Mason University and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Flagler College. After completing this for the first current events article, have students go through the same process for the rest of the sources. info@africaportal.org, Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA Ghana), View highlights from our past newsletters. 0 Of all the ethnic groups, the Ashanti were known for the numerous wars they fought when Ghana was called the Gold Coast (British Colony). I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. If this is done it would take away the fear that makes some people escape and hence encourage them to stay in the rural areas. Main Sources of Conflict Following are the main sources of conflict. Land has remained a thorny social, economic and political issue which has generated a lot of ethnic conflicts between Konkombas and Bimobas, Konkombas and Dagombas, Konkombas and Nanumbas, Konkombas and Gonjas, Gonjas and Nawuris and recently Konkombas and Nawuris. Conflict results over resource scarcity. We can say that there is no organization without conflicts and no social group without disputes . When looking for the source of a conflict, it's important to remember that the different types of conflict reflect where the conflict originates (internally or externally) and the number of people involved (personal or group). If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. All these resources cut across the agricultural, mining and human sectors. There have been conflicts such as the Konkomba-Nanumba conflict,[when?] Some examples: Many conflicts stem from a power struggle. xref For instance, the research and development team at an electronics company might be instructed to come up with the best new, pie-in-the-sky idea for individual-use electronicsthat thing consumers didnt know they needed. (i) Helps to manage ones finances and avoid over- spending [9] UNDP 2019. Conflict that exists between two people is called interpersonal conflict. Task-Sharing and Peace Operations : the role of the Organisation Internationale La Francophonie , International Peacekeeping, 19, 3, 2012, pp. Unemployment. Formerly: the Gold Coast, a British colony. Maybe you've always told people they should help homeless people, and then, when you see a homeless person on the street, you become afraid and turn away. However, most youthful rural dwellers today find the use of simple tools and methods for agriculture boring, tiresome and less productive. Conflict is inevitable when you are leading a team through change, transitioning from peer to supervisor or trying to step up performance on a project with high visibility. peanut butter tahini cookies nytimes martha stewart halloween crafts Navigation. Email Address (required). In the world of project management, project costs and budgets are the backbone of any project. Conflict occurs when different ideas or actions cause disagreement or lead to unrest. This plot progression is true of shows aimed at the youngest of audiences (for example, the bear wants honey out of the tree but has to trick the bees in order to get it). Identify four sources of conflicts in Ghana (b) Explain four effects of conflicts in Ghana SECTION III SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Answer one question only from this section 5. One of the early theorists on conflict, Daniel Katz (1965), created a typology that distinguishes three main sources of conflict: economic, value, and power. Ghana has since overcome political, economic and social deficits associated with coups to emerge as a significant player and trading partner in Africa. Depending on the type of conflict, you can choose a different course of action. (viii) Excessive patronage of services There is excessive patronage of (extreme pressure on) Answer one question only from this section. 0000003507 00000 n It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. It can be a slight conflict that causes no harm or an egregious conflict that results in irreparable damage. Contemporary Ghana enjoys greater political stability than it did shortly after independence: the countrys political decline after acquiring independence was fairly rapid, with the first coup occurring six years after the inauguration of the first republic. SECTION III. This has led to a short-term improvement e in gross official reserves. 4. As resources dwindle and an organization has to make do with less, departments will compete to get those resources. [10] BoG 2015. (iv) Large capital required to establish certain vital services may not be obtained by private 0000002550 00000 n People may move out of their family homes /schools /workplace / worship centre / communities / towns / regions, wherever the conflict may be, to other places. 15, pp. Personality conflicts make work rough. 0000018047 00000 n Then, have students find the source of the conflict. (i) Banks (saving account, current account, treasury bill, etc) (ii) Savings and loans companies Whereas this major divide has never generated conflict in Ghana, it is possible to identify different categories of continuous conflict, some of it violent. %PDF-1.4 % [any five], 3. I came with an open mind and am here to learn anything that can help make me a better leader.. The Republic of Namibia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world with a total populations of just over 2.3 million and a land area of 824 292 square kilometers.
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