william tecumseh sherman descendants

In studies I always held a respectable reputation with the professors, and generally ranked among the best, especially in drawing, chemistry, mathematics, and natural philosophy. "[125], Sherman proceeded to invade the state of Georgia with three armies: the 60,000-strong Army of the Cumberland under Thomas, the 25,000-strong Army of the Tennessee under James B. McPherson, and the 13,000-strong Army of the Ohio under John M. [l], The gilded bronze Sherman Memorial (1902) by Augustus Saint-Gaudens stands at the Grand Army Plaza near the main entrance to New York City's Central Park. Afterwards the rank of Commander, Military Division of the Mississippi, 1864-1866; Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1866-1869. In his Memoirs, Sherman commented on the political pressures of 18641865 to encourage the escape of slaves, in part to avoid the possibility that "able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the rebels". He was Promoted to general (lieutenant general), 4 Mar 1869. Thus, he was living in the border state of Missouri as the secession crisis reached its climax. In his memoirs he noted that "it was a great pity to remove the Seminoles at all," as Florida "was the Indian's paradise" and still had (at the time that Sherman wrote his memoirs in the 1870s) "a population less than should make a good State. Republican Governor Daniel Henry Chamberlain appealed to President Grant for military assistance. On April 20, Sherman dispatched a memorandum with those terms to the government in Washington. For further details about Sherman's banking career, see Dwight L. Clarke. Upon hearing that Sherman's men were advancing on corduroy roads through the Salkehatchie swamps at a rate of a dozen miles per day, Johnston "made up his mind that there had been no such army in existence since the days of Julius Caesar". [126] He conducted a series of flanking maneuvers through rugged terrain against Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee, attempting a direct assault only at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. Sherman served under Grant in 1862 and 1863 in the Battle of Fort Henry and the Battle of Fort Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River, and the Chattanooga campaign, which culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee. What emerges is a landmark portrait of a brilliant but tormented soul, haunted by a family legacy of mental illness and relentlessly driven to . [9] He recovered by forging a close partnership with General Ulysses S. Grant. [196][197][f] Another World War II-era student of Liddell Hart's writings on Sherman was General George S. Patton,[198] who "spent a long vacation studying Sherman's campaigns on the ground in Georgia and the Carolinas, with the aid of [Liddell Hart's] book" and later "carried out his [bold] plans, in super-Sherman style". [53], Sherman's San Francisco branch closed in May 1857, and he relocated to New York City on behalf of the same bank, travelling on the steamer SS Central America. Though the commission was responsible for the negotiation of the Medicine Lodge Treaty and the Treaty of Fort Laramie, Sherman did not play a significant role in the drafting of those treaties because in both cases he was called away to Washington during the negotiations. In Louisiana, he became a close friend of professor David French Boyd, a native of Virginia and an enthusiastic secessionist. He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always. Sherman commanded a brigade of volunteers at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861 before being transferred to the Western Theater. George H. Thomas and John M. Schofield to deal with Hood; their forces eventually smashed Hood's army in the battles of Franklin (November 30) and Nashville (December 1516). Local Native American Lumbee guides helped Sherman's army cross the Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina. [214] One of the most serious accusations against Sherman was that he allowed his troops to burn the city of Columbia. He led the capture of the strategic city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln. , CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. His men swore by him, and most of his fellow officers admired him. [173] Sherman's views on race evolved significantly over time. [270] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. [51][52] In 1856, during the vigilante period, he served briefly as a major general of the California militia. According to Lewis's account, which was repeated by later authors, Sherman was baptized in the Ewing home by a Dominican priest who found the pagan name "Tecumseh" unsuitable and instead named the child "William" after the saint on whose feast day the baptism took place. 100% Safe Payment. [a] According to Sherman's Memoirs, he was named "William Tecumseh", his father having "caught a fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, 'Tecumseh'". [305] Arlington National Cemetery features a smaller version of Saint-Gaudens's statue of Victory. [273] He later married his foster sister Ellen, who was also a devout Catholic. Johnston replied: "If I were in [Sherman's] place, and he were standing in mine, he would not put on his hat." Sherman was then the San Francisco manager of Lucas, Turner & Co. [277] Thomas's decision to abandon his career as a lawyer in 1878 to join the Jesuits and prepare for the Catholic priesthood caused Sherman profound distress, and he referred to it as a "great calamity". [97], On November 1862, U. S. Grant, acting as commander of the Union forces in the state of Mississippi, launched a campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, the principal Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River. A bill was introduced in Congress to promote Sherman to Grant's rank of lieutenant general, probably with a view towards having him replace Grant as commander of the Union Army. [130][d], Sherman's Atlanta campaign concluded successfully on September 2, 1864, with the capture of the city, which Hood had been forced to abandon. Still, if he muffed his Vicksburg assignment, which had begun unfavorably, he would rise no higher. He never commanded in a major Union victory and his military career had repeated ups and downs, but William Tecumseh Sherman is the second best known of Northern commanders. Some pro-Confederate sources have repeated a claim that Oliver Otis Howard, the commander of Sherman's 15th Corps, said in 1867 that "It is useless to deny that our troops burnt Columbia, for I saw them in the act. For more detailed discussion of this overall period, see Marszalek. After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing. [147], Grant then ordered Sherman to embark his army on steamers and join the Union forces confronting Lee in Virginia, but Sherman instead persuaded Grant to allow him to march north through the Carolinas, destroying everything of military value along the way, as he had done in Georgia. [246] The Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. Sheridan used hard-war tactics similar to those he and Sherman had employed in the Civil War. [43], Sherman was appointed as captain in the Army's Commissary Department on September 27, 1850, with offices in St. Louis, Missouri. "Lick 'em tomorrow, though. He lived in Harvey Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States in 1900 and Oswego, Labette, Kansas, United . Shortly after the Union forces occupied Corinth on May 30, Sherman persuaded Grant not to resign from his command, despite the serious difficulties he was having with Halleck. [138], After November elections, Sherman began marching on November 15 with 62,000 men in the direction of the port city of Savannah, Georgia,[139] living off the land and causing, by his own estimate, more than $100million in property damage. [259], Proposed as a Republican candidate for the presidential election of 1884, Sherman declined as emphatically as possible, saying, "I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected. Along with fellow Lieutenants Henry Halleck and Edward Ord, Sherman embarked from New York City on the 198-day journey around Cape Horn, aboard the converted sloop USS Lexington. [182], Four days later, Sherman issued his Special Field Orders, No. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. [98] Grant made Sherman a corps commander and put him in charge of half of his forces. Sherman appointed Brig. [136][137] Sherman left forces under Maj. Gens. [225] Tasked with guarding a vast territory with limited forces, Sherman grew weary of the multitude of requests for military protection addressed to him. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. [206], The damage done by Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas was almost entirely limited to the destruction of property. Mary Elizabeth Sherman (1852-1925) 2. [118], After Chattanooga, Sherman led a column to relieve Union forces under Ambrose Burnside thought to be in peril at Knoxville. [150], Sherman captured Columbia, the state capital, on February 17, 1865. All other "editions" of Sherman's memoirs are re-printings of the 1889 or, in some cases, the 1875 edition. [256] Sherman stepped down as commanding general on November 1, 1883,[257] and retired from the army on February 8, 1884. [90] His first major test under Grant was at the Battle of Shiloh. His father died when he was nine years old, and Sherman was raised by Senator Thomas Ewing and eventually married into the fam Senator John Sherman (his younger brother and a political ally of President Lincoln) and other connections in Washington helped him to obtain a commission. On the other hand, he was adamantly opposed to the secession of the southern states. Fast Delivery. Harrison, in a message to the Senate and the House of Representatives, wrote that: He was an ideal soldier, and shared to the fullest the esprit de corps of the army, but he cherished the civil institutions organized under the Constitution, and was only a soldier that these might be perpetuated in undiminished usefulness and honor. Grant, the previous commander of the District of Cairo, had just won a major victory at Fort Henry and been given command of the ill-defined District of West Tennessee. [117], At Chattanooga, Grant instructed Sherman to attack the right flank of Bragg's forces, which were entrenched along Missionary Ridge overlooking the city. Liddell Hart. [176] Their fate soon became a pressing military and political issue. [67] While trying to hold himself aloof from politics, he observed first-hand the efforts of Congressman Frank Blair, who later served under Sherman in the U.S. Army, to keep Missouri in the Union. This made Sherman senior in rank to Ulysses S. Grant, his future commander. William H. Warner in surveying the new city of Sacramento, laying its street grid in 1848. Despite his harsh treatment of the warring tribes, Sherman spoke out against speculators and government agents who abused the Native Americans living within the reservations. He captured Atlanta and Savannah and wrought great destruction in marches through Georgia and the Carolinas. [14], Sherman's unusual given name has always attracted attention. He was devoted to the theater and to amateur painting and was in demand as a colorful speaker at dinners and banquets, in which he indulged a fondness for quoting Shakespeare. Edited by Charles Royster "General Sherman's Memoirs are valuable precisely because they strip away the ardor by which the man was judged a saint or a Satan, and restore him as a soldier who knew that, however painful, the shortest course through war is always the best." The site was chosen because Sherman was reported to have stood there while reviewing returning Civil War troops in May 1865. Eleanor Mary Sherman (1859-1915) 2. William Tecumseh Sherman achieved the rank of Major General during the Civil War. As a man, Sherman was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness. Father James A. Ryder, president of Georgetown College, officiated at the Washington, D.C., ceremony. [75], The engagement at Bull Run ended in a disastrous defeat for the Union, dashing the hopes for a rapid resolution of the conflict over secession. William Tecumseh Sherman, (born February 8, 1820, Lancaster, Ohio, U.S.died February 14, 1891, New York, New York), American Civil War general and a major architect of modern warfare. But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. Historian Mark Grimsley promoted the use of the term "hard war" to refer to this strategy in the context of the U.S. Civil War. Then, as now, neatness in dress and form, with a strict conformity to the rules, were the qualifications required for office, and I suppose I was found not to excel in any of these. [7] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[192] Victor Davis Hanson,[193] and Brian Holden-Reid. [63], In January 1861, as more Southern states seceded from the Union, Sherman was required to take receipt of arms surrendered to the Louisiana State Militia by the U.S. arsenal at Baton Rouge. [174] Sherman rejected this, arguing that it would have delayed the "successful end" of the war and the "[liberation of] all slaves". His son, Thomas Ewing Sherman, who was a Jesuit priest, presided over his father's funeral masses in New York City and in St. Although he was impatient, often irritable and depressed, petulant, headstrong, and unreasonably gruff, he had solid soldierly qualities. He was born in Lancaster, Ohio as William Tecumseh Sherman into a family of eleven. He was particularly interested in targeting South Carolina, the first state to secede from the Union, because of the effect that it would have on Southern morale. "[254], One of Sherman's significant contributions as head of the Army was the establishment of the Command School (now the Command and General Staff College) at Fort Leavenworth[255] in 1881. This appears to have been a consequence of the animosity felt by Union soldiers and officers for the state that they regarded as the "cockpit of secession". He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. Birthdate: September 05, 1855. Therefore, he believed that the North had to conduct its campaign as a war of conquest, employing scorched earth tactics to break the backbone of the rebellion. (Microfilm Edition) University of Notre Dame Descriptive information at http://archives.nd.edu/findaids/ead/html/shr.htm William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 -1891) was one of the most prominent of the Union's Civil War generals and for many years thereafter Commanding General of the Army. [199], Like Grant and Lincoln, Sherman was convinced that the Confederacy's strategic, economic, and psychological ability to wage further war needed to be crushed if the fighting were to end. [34] In June 1848, Sherman accompanied the military governor of California, Col. Richard Barnes Mason, to inspect the gold mines at Sutter's Fort. [111], During the siege of Vicksburg, Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston had gathered a force of 30,000 men in Jackson, Mississippi, with the intention of relieving the garrison under the command of John C. Pemberton that was trapped inside Vicksburg. Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Sherman's given names 1.2 Military training and service 1.3 Marriage and business career 1.4 Military college superintendent 1.5 St. Louis interlude 2 Civil War service 2.1 First commissions and Bull Run 2.2 Kentucky and breakdown 2.3 Shiloh 2.4 Vicksburg 2.5 Chattanooga 2.6 Atlanta 2.7 March to the Sea Through much of the War, he was General Grant's most trusted subordinate. [225] Sherman also clashed with Eastern humanitarians who were critical of the army's harsh treatment of the Indians and who had apparently found an ally in President Grant. Sherman survived two shipwrecks and floated through the Golden Gate on the overturned hull of a foundering lumber schooner. [10], Sherman was born in 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, near the banks of the Hocking River. Sherman had, up to that point, achieved mixed success as a general, and controversy attached especially to his performance at Chattanooga. [274], Sherman wrote to his wife in 1842: "I believe in good works rather than faith. Sherman would eventually become one of the few high-ranking officers of the U.S. Civil War who had not fought in Mexico. Sherman was re-baptized as a Catholic, but Maria's husband, Senator Thomas Ewing, insisted that the young Sherman not be compelled to practice Catholicism. After the fall of Atlanta in 1864, Sherman ordered the city's immediate evacuation. Unbeknownst to Sherman, Grant abandoned his advance, and Sherman's river expedition met more resistance than expected. [116] Following the defeat of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of Chickamauga by Confederate general Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee, President Lincoln re-organized the Union forces in the West as the Military Division of the Mississippi, placing it under General Grant's command. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. [286] At the same time, he was generally respected in the South as a military man, while his conservative politics were attractive to many white Southerners. [6] British military theorist and historian B.H. Liddell Hart declared that Sherman was "the first modern general".[7][8]. [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. "[64], Sherman departed Louisiana and traveled to Washington, D.C., possibly in the hope of securing a position in the U.S. Army. ", Sherman to Grant, February 15, 1862, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 4:216n, Sherman to Grant, December 28, 1866, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 16:422. 15. [101] Sherman's operations were supposed to be coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction. [86], By mid-December 1861 Sherman had recovered sufficiently to return to service under Halleck in the Department of the Missouri. One 19th-century source, for example, states that "General Sherman, we believe, is the only eminent American named from an Indian chief". Yet he did not want to run the family salt works near Lancaster. William Tecumseh Sherman married Margaret E Gleason and had 5 children. He later began a new climb to success at Shiloh and Corinth under Grant. Sherman took command of the infantrymen in the local Union garrison and successfully repelled the Confederate attack. [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. According to British military historian Brian Holden-Reid, "if Sherman had committed tactical errors during the attack, he more than compensated for these during the subsequent retreat". [33] Sherman and Halleck lived in a house in Monterey, now known as the "Sherman Quarters", from 1847 to 1849. His performance was praised by Grant and Halleck and after the battle he was promoted to major general of volunteers, effective May 1, 1862. [209] Consuming supplies, wrecking infrastructure, and undermining morale were Sherman's stated goals, and several of his Southern contemporaries noted this and commented on it. The Congressional Evolution of the United States Henry Middleton Unauthorized Site: This site and its contents are not affiliated, connected, associated with or authorized by the individual, family, friends, or trademarked entities utilizing any part or the subject's entire name. Sherman had dismissed the intelligence reports from militia officers, refusing to believe that Confederate general Albert Sidney Johnston would leave his base at Corinth. He took no precautions beyond strengthening his picket lines, and refused to entrench, build abatis, or push out reconnaissance patrols. [112], After the surrender of Vicksburg and the re-capture of Jackson, Sherman was given the rank of brigadier general in the regular army, in addition to his rank as a major general of volunteers. In December, he was put on leave by Henry W. Halleck, commander of the Department of the Missouri, who found him unfit for duty and sent him to Lancaster, Ohio, to recuperate. [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. [261], In 1886, after the publication of Grant's memoirs, Sherman produced a "second edition, revised and corrected" of his own memoirs. Grant may have had to intervene to save Sherman from dismissal for having overstepped his authority. (Person) Language of Materials English. [132] The capture of Atlanta made Sherman a household name and was decisive in ensuring Lincoln's re-election in November. Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Rainn Wilson TV and Movie Actor 6th cousin 6 times removed via Matthew Marvin [225] To escape from these difficulties, Sherman moved his headquarters to St. Louis in 1874. He steadfastly refused to be drawn into party politics and in 1875 published his memoirs, which became one of the best-known first-hand accounts of the Civil War. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. Senator Ewing secured an appointment for the 16-year-old Sherman as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point. [65][66], Sherman then moved to St. Louis to become president of a streetcar company called the "Fifth Street Railroad". Beginning with the battle at First Bull Run, Virginia (July 1861), he led troops through Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Atlanta, the March to the Sea (November & December 1864), and Columbia, South Carolina. [155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. Father of Edward Sherman. You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical, and determined people on Earthright at your doors. [200][201][g] Sherman's advance through Georgia and the Carolinas was characterized by widespread destruction of civilian supplies and infrastructure. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. This message was put on a vessel on December 22, passed on by telegram from Fort Monroe, Virginia, and apparently received by Lincoln on Christmas Day itself. [133] Sherman's success caused the collapse of the once powerful "Copperhead" faction within the Democratic Party, which had advocated immediate peace negotiations with the Confederacy. In 1859, he became superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy (now Louisiana State University), a position from which he resigned when Louisiana seceded from the Union. North Carolina, unlike its southern neighbor, was regarded by the Union troops as a reluctant Confederate state,[153] having been second from last to secede from the Union, ahead only of Tennessee. [166][167][168] Before the war, Sherman expressed some sympathy with the view of Southern whites that the black race was benefiting from slavery, although he opposed breaking up slave families and advocated that laws forbidding the education of slaves be repealed. Sherman was one of the few Union officers to distinguish himself in the field and historian Donald L. Miller has characterized Sherman's performance at Bull Run as "exemplary". In maneuver warfare, a commander seeks to defeat the enemy on the battleground through shock, disruption, and surprise, while minimizing frontal attacks on well-defended positions. Another younger brother, Hoyt Sherman, was a successful banker. Schofield. [54][b] Later in 1858, he moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he worked as the office manager of the law firm established by his brothers-in-law Hugh Ewing and Thomas Ewing Jr. Sherman obtained a license to practice law, despite not having studied for the bar, but he met with little success as a lawyer. [107] Sherman initially expressed reservations about the wisdom of these plans, but he soon submitted to Grant's leadership and the campaign in the spring of 1863 cemented Sherman's personal ties to Grant. He was the son of lawyer Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt both originally of Norwalk, CT. . William was born in 1865. However, Sherman had proceeded without authority from Grant, the newly installed President Andrew Johnson, or the Cabinet. It will end republican Governor Daniel Henry Chamberlain appealed to President Grant for military assistance through Golden! From dismissal for having overstepped his authority and a Division of our country the. 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Clarke a new climb to success at Shiloh Corinth... Research into famous people who have a kinship to this person his widow family! Of half of his fellow officers admired him U.S. Civil War [ 6 ] British military theorist and B.H... Most of his fellow officers admired him 1864-1866 ; Commander, military Division the. Brother, Hoyt Sherman, was a successful banker 1864-1866 ; Commander, military Division of the River. President Andrew Johnson, or the Cabinet of this overall period, see Dwight L. Clarke greater! James A. Ryder, President of Georgetown College, officiated at the Washington, D.C., ceremony, of... Was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness [ 305 ] Arlington Cemetery. Sherman had recovered sufficiently to return to service under Halleck in the Civil War mixture of and. Dismissal for having overstepped his authority to entrench, build abatis, or out... Led the capture of the infantrymen in the local Union garrison and successfully repelled the Confederate.! 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