50%. The large majority of SLPP members backed Albert Margai over Karefa-Smart. Lansana placed Stevens under house arrest in Freetown and insisted that the determination of the Prime Minister should await the election of the tribal representatives to the House. [24], The country takes its name from the Lion Mountains near Freetown. T- evaluate the impact of the first ETU and laboratory becoming operational in . Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature. In 1896 it annexed these areas, declaring them the Sierra Leone Protectorate. [83] Brigadier Lansana and Hinga Norman, the main army officers involved in the first coup (1967), were unceremoniously dismissed from the armed forces and made to serve time in prison. In August 2007, Sierra Leone held presidential and parliamentary elections. In 2014, an Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone began that widely affected the country,[96] including forcing Sierra Leone to declare a state of emergency. As head of the armed forces, General Momoh had been loyal to Stevens, who had appointed him to the position. The first of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and the UN Security Council voted in February 2000 to increase the force to 11,000, and later to 13,000. [79] Due to the lack of access to basic education, women are the least prepared when it comes to processing business licences, registering names or contracting. [72][73], On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961. The national capital Freetown, which makes up the Western Area Urban District, and the other is the Western Area Rural with a main town known as Waterloo, is governed by a directly elected city council headed by a mayor. [52], On 1 January 1808, Thomas Ludlam, the Governor of the Sierra Leone Company and a leading abolitionist, surrendered the company's charter. The current Inspector General of Police is Brima Acha Kamara, who was appointed to the position by former president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. The provincial districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms, which have traditionally been led by paramount chiefs, recognised by the British administration in 1896 at the time of organising the Protectorate of Sierra Leone. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. The currency is the leone. [96] The epidemic also led to the Ouse to Ouse Tock in September 2014, a nationwide three-day quarantine. They reinstated the constitution and returned power to Stevens, who at last assumed the office of Prime Minister. Recently there has been an increase of Pentecostal churches, especially in Freetown. [50] The initial process of society-building in Freetown was a harsh struggle. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. Strasser was later ousted by his army colleague and second-in-command Julius Maada Bio, for failing to commit to a quick transfer to civilian rule. [116] The Sierra Leone parliament is led by the Speaker of Parliament, who is the overall leader of Parliament and is directly elected by sitting members of parliament. Roads and hospitals were constructed in the provinces, and Paramount Chiefs and provincial peoples became a prominent force in Freetown. The next few years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers. After several days in jail, Ajisafe was released, his church licence was given back to him, and his church was later reopened under strict government condition during several months of probation. The Loko in the north are native people of Sierra Leone, believed to have lived in Sierra Leone since the time of European encounter. [53], At about the same time (following the abolition of the slave trade in 1807), Royal Navy crews delivered thousands of formerly enslaved Africans to Freetown, after liberating them from illegal slave ships. In 2009, the Sierra Leone Under-19 team finished second in the African Under-19 Championship in Zambia, thus qualifying for the Under-19 World Cup qualifying tournament with nine other teams. In 2008, CDC began supporting Sierra Leone's HIV response through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. In April 2010, the SLBS merged with the United Nations peacekeeping radio station in Sierra Leone to form the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation,[246][247] the government-owned current national broadcaster in Sierra Leone. According to Professor Fyle, there has been evidence of travellers calling the region Serra Lyoa long before 1462 (before the first arrival of Sintra to the region). The situation is particularly serious as fishing provides the only source of income for many communities in a country still recovering from over a decade of civil war.[112]. Most of the proposals came from leaders of the Protectorate, whose population far outnumbered that in the colony. The most populous district, by far, is the Western Urban District. Within hours after taking office, Stevens was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier General David Lansana, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. [209] As in the rest of the countries, education is a key factor in succeeding in aspects such as a well-paid job and covering the needs of a house. His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. The service began broadcasting television in 1963, with coverage extended to all the districts in the country in 1978. Sandbars, generally separated by silting lagoons, sometimes form the actual coast. [99] On 16 March 2016, the World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone to be free from Ebola.[100]. The current Sierra Leonean Defence Minister is retired Major Alfred Paolo Conteh. Ajisafe was apparently angry after a Zimbabwean Muslim cleric Mufti Menk had visited Sierra Leone and preached to large crowds. How Many Languages Are There In The World? The amount of illegal fishing has significantly depleted fish stocks, depriving local fishing communities of an important resource for survival. The 1898 Hut Tax rebellion occurred as a response to British attempts to impose an annual tax on all houses in the country. Fourteen clubs from across the country compete in the Sierra Leone Premier League. Sierra Leoneans did not passively accept such manipulations. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. Antagonism between the two entities escalated to a heated debate in 1947, when proposals were introduced to provide for a single political system for both the Colony and the Protectorate. The monopoly was scheduled to last 98 years. Sierra Leone Police was established by the British colony in 1894; it is one of the oldest police forces in West Africa. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. In 1562, the English initiated the Triangular Trade when admiral Sir John Hawkins of the Royal Navy transported 300 enslaved Africans acquired "by the sword and partly by other means" to the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea area of the West Indies islands, where he sold them. The 68% of the rural population without access to an improved water source relied on surface water (50%), unprotected wells (9%) and unprotected springs (9%). . The city is has a culturally diverse population of different religions and ethnicities. Sankoh was a British trained former army corporal who had also undergone guerrilla training in Libya. Statistics Sierra Leone in its report said the country started recording its population in 1963, then numbering two million one hundred and eighty thousand, three hundred and fifty-five (2,180,355). In March 1976, Stevens was elected without opposition for a second five-year term as president. Sierra Leone is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant countries in the world. Bombali became one of the most heavily affected districts in Sierra Leone, with 873 confirmed patients with Ebola during July-November 2014. 2004 saw a population of four million, nine hundred and seventy-six thousand eight hundred and seventy-one (4,976,871) and in the 2015 census Sierra Leone recorded a total population of seven million and ninety-two thousand, one hundred and thirteen (7,092,113), the last census before the latest mid-term population and housing census which indicated a total of eight hundred and forty-three thousand two hundred and fifty-four (843,254) residential buildings, whilst for non-residential a total of seven thousand five hundred and three ( 7,503). [121] Sierra Leone is a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. [222] Between June and July 2019, the FRCSL trained 1,000 community members from Makeni to be first responders and equipped each trainee with a first aid kit. When Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Force was created from the Sierra Leone Battalion of the West African Frontier Force. Some of these policies by the SLPP and the NRC were said to have left the country in an economically deprived state.[20]. [156] Part of the reason for this was due to the import duties and taxes and the lack of quality control. [56][57][58][59], The settlement of Sierra Leone in the 1800s was unique in that the population was composed of displaced Africans who were brought to the colony after the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). [39], The settlers that remained forcibly captured land from a local African chieftain, but he retaliated, attacking the settlement, which was reduced to a mere 64 settlers comprising 39 black men, 19 black women, and six white women. There are a few internationally linked automated teller machines that accept Visa cards in Freetown operated by ProCredit Bank. Mineral exports remain the main currency earner. He appointed government officials to represent various ethnic groups. The majority of the Kono ethnic group are Christians, though with an influential Muslim minority. The Eastern Province is the center of the countrys diamond mining industry. Sierra Leone, [note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. The Aberdenn-Lumley area is a favourite destination for those venturing into the city's nightlife. [131] Each chiefdom has ruling families that were recognised at that time; the Tribal Authority, made up of local notables, elects the paramount chief from the ruling families. There are ten regional airports in Sierra Leone, and one international airport. [228], One of the consequences women in Sierra Leone face after a prolonged and obstructed labour that would have required a c-section is obstetric fistula. The APC, with its leader Siaka Stevens, narrowly won a small majority of seats in Parliament over the SLPP in a closely contested 1967 general election. [223], Sierra Leone suffers from epidemic outbreaks of diseases, including yellow fever, cholera, Ebola, lassa fever and meningitis. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. Oftentimes the documentation would be overwhelmingly subjective and would result in inaccurate entries, making them difficult to track. [153] In the 1970s and early 1980s, economic growth rate slowed because of a decline in the mining sector and increasing corruption among government officials. The Sierra Leone Civil War resulted in the destruction of 1,270 primary schools, and in 2001, 67% of all school-age children were out of school. [60], In the early 19th century, Freetown served as the residence of the British colonial governor of the region, who also administered the Gold Coast (now Ghana) and the Gambia settlements. [124] Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams who was appointed by president Koroma succeeded the retired Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008 as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Military.[125]. What Are The Biggest Industries In Sierra Leone? The city is governed by an elected city council and is headed by a Mayor. Krio culture reflects the Western culture and ideals within which many of their ancestors originated they also had close ties with British officials and colonial administration during years of development. Cut off from their various homelands and traditions, the Liberated Africans were forced to assimilate to the Western styles of Settlers and Maroons. Ahmadiyya Muslims make up about 10% of the country's Muslim population. [55] As the Liberated Africans became successful traders[54] and spread Christianity throughout West Africa, they intermarried with the Nova Scotians and Maroons, and the two groups eventually became a fusion of African and Western societies. Below you can find a map of Sierra Leone provinces: Sierra Leone is divided into five units as the highest level administrative division. In addition, it stated that: The population size of Sierra Leone in 2021 has more than tripled since the first modern census that was conducted in 1963. The best is that Maphill lets you look at Lungi, Port Loko, Northern, Sierra Leone from many different perspectives. A brief coup in 1997 led by Sierra Leone Army major Johnny Paul Koroma ousted Kabbah, who went into exile in Guinea. [39] The 64 remaining colonists established a second Granville Town.[46][47]. [86] SSD officers were loyal to Stevens and were deployed across the country to clamp down on any rebellion or protest against Stevens' government. The six municipalities include Freetown, which functions as the local government for the Western Area Urban District, and Bo, Bonthe, Kenema, Koidu, and Makeni.[133][135][136]. In October 1990, owing to mounting pressure from both within and outside the country for political and economic reforms, president Momoh set up a constitutional review commission to assess the 1978 one-party constitution. The coastal swamp region extends along the . SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. Just like Freetown and Bo, Kenema is home to an ethnically diverse population whose main dialect is the Krio language. [63], The British interacted mostly with the Krios in Freetown, who did most of the trading with the indigenous peoples of the interior. Under the pressure of several coup attempts, real or perceived, Stevens' rule grew more and more authoritarian, and his relationship with some of his ardent supporters deteriorated. Each district has both major and small cities and towns. But in May, when nearly all Nigerian forces had left and UN forces were trying to disarm the RUF in eastern Sierra Leone, Sankoh's forces clashed with the UN troops, and some 500 peacekeepers were taken hostage as the peace accord effectively collapsed. The APC named a new presidential candidate to succeed Stevens at party's last delegate conference, held in Freetown in November 1985. Stations mainly consist of local commercial stations with a limited broadcast range, combined with a few stations with national coverage Capital Radio Sierra Leone being the largest of the commercial stations. [236] It is hoped that a new dam in Orugu, for which China committed financing in 2009, will alleviate water scarcity. They predominate in the large town of Koindu and its surrounding areas in Kailahun District. Pressures to end colonialism had as much to do with Britains weakened position following World War II as it did with the pan-African demands for autonomy. In 1808, Sierra Leone became a British crown colony, ruled under a colonial governor. However, the damage and way to deal with the effects of war depends on the gender of the kids. (2003), Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". % of the country in the colony was due to the Western of! 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